Origin of GABAergic neurons in the human neocortex. Holoprosencephaly due to mutations in ZIC2: alanine tract expansion mutations may be caused by parental somatic recombination. Short GCG expansions in the PABP2 gene cause oculpharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Origin and molecular specification of striatal interneuron. ARX, a novel Prd-class-homeobox gene highly expressed in the telencephalon, is mutated in X-linked mental retardation. Mutations in the human ortholog of Aristaless cause X-linked mental retardation and epilepsy. Expression of a novel aristaless related homeobox gene ' Arx' in the vertebrate telencephalon, diencephalon and floor plate. X-linked lissencephaly with absent corpus callosum and ambiguous genitalia (XLAG): clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropathological findings. X-linked lissencephaly with ambiguous genitalia: delineation of further case. X-linked lissencephaly with absent corpus callosum and ambiguous genitalia. X-linked pachygyria and agenesis of the corpus callosum: evidence for an X chromosome lissencephaly locus. Distinct cortical migrations from the medial and lateral ganglionic eminences. Loss of Nkx2.1 homeobox gene function results in a ventral to dorsal molecular respecification within the basal telencephalon: evidence for a transformation of the pallidum into the striatum. Mutations of the homeobox genes Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 disrupt the striatal subventricular zone and differentiation of late born striatal neurons. Interneuron migration from basal forebrain to neocortex: dependence on Dlx genes. The adhesion molecule TAG-1 mediates the migration of cortical interneurons from the ganglionic eminence along the corticofugal fiber system. Sorting of striatal and cortical interneurons regulated by semaphorin–neuropilin interactions. Marin, O., Yaron, A., Bagri, A., Tessier-Lavigne, M. In utero fate mapping reveals distinct migratory pathways and fates of neurons born in the mammalian basal forebrain. Wichterle, H., Turnbull, D.H., Nery, S., Fishell, G. The origin and migration of cortical neurones: new vistas. Induction and dorsoventral patterning of the telencephalon. Differential origins of neocortical projection and local circuit neurons: role of Dlx genes in neocortical interneurogenesis. Doublecortin is a microtubule-associated protein and is expressed widely by migrating neurons. Doublecortin is a developmentally regulated, microtubule-associated protein expressed in migrating and differentiating neurons. LIS1 regulates CNS lamination by interacting with mNudE, a central component of the centrosome. Regulation of cytoplasmic dynein behavior and microtubule organization by mammalian Lis1. A protein related to extracellular matrix proteins deleted in the mouse mutant reeler. Targeted mutagenesis of Lis1 disrupts cortical development and LIS1 homodimerization. Graded reduction of Pafah1b1 (Lis1) activity results in neuronal migration defects and early embryonic lethality. LIS1 and XLIS ( DCX) mutations cause most classical lissencephaly, but different patterns of malformation. Differences in the gyral pattern distinguish chromosome 17-linked and X-linked lissencephaly. Autosomal recessive lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia is associated with human RELN mutations. Doublecortin, a brain-specific gene mutated in human X-linked lissencephaly and double cortex syndrome, encodes a putative signaling protein. A novel CNS gene required for neuronal migration and involved in X-linked subcortical laminar heteropia and lissencephaly syndrome. Isolation of a Miller–Dicker lissencephaly gene containing G protein β-subunit–like repeats. X-linked malformations of cortical development. Pearlman, A.L., Faust, P.L., Hatten, M.E.
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